質問 30 Examine this output: Last metadata expiration check: 4:30:21 ago on Mon 26 Oct 2020 03:09:52 PM GMT Installed Packages Name : gzip Version : 1.9 Release : 9.el8 Architecture : x86_64 Size : 412 k Source : gzip-1.9-9.el8.src.rpm Repository : @System From repo : anaconda Summary : The GNU data compression program URL : http://www.gzip.org/ License : GPLv3+ and GFDL Description : The gzip package contains the popular GNU gzip data compression program. Gzipped files have a .gz extension. Gzip should be installed on your system, because it is a very commonly used data compression program. Which command generated it?
Thednf infocommand provides detailed information about an installed package. When used with the path of a binary (such as/usr/bin/gzip), it shows the package that provides the binary along with detailed information like the version, release, architecture, size, source, repository, summary, URL, and license.
質問 35 Which three statements are true about the journalctl command?
Option B: journalctl -p err shows only error log level. * Explanation: * The -p or –priority option in journalctl filters messages by their priority level. * When specifying asingle priority level, journalctl shows messagesonlyat that level. * The priority levels, as per syslog standards, are: * 0: emerg * 1: alert * 2: crit * 3: err * 4: warning * 5: notice * 6: info * 7: debug * Therefore, journalctl -p err displays messages with priorityerr (3)only. * Oracle Linux Reference: * OracleLinux 8: Managing Log Files- Section onFiltering Output withjournalctl: “Use the -p option to display messages from the journal that have a specific priority level.” * Example: # journalctl -p err Option D: journalctl -k shows kernel logs since the last boot. * Explanation: * The -k or –dmesg option filters messages from the kernel, equivalent to the output of the dmesg command. * This option implies -b, which limits the output to messages from the current boot. * Therefore, journalctl -k displays kernel messages since the last boot. * Oracle Linux Reference: * OracleLinux 8: Managing Log Files- Section onViewing Kernel Messages: “Use the journalctl -k command to display kernel messages since the last system boot.” * Example: # journalctl -k Option E: journalctl -p 6 shows all info log level messages and above. * Explanation: * When specifying a single numeric priority, journalctl displays messages withthat priority level and higher priority levels(i.e., lower severity). * Priority levels are ordered from 0 (highest severity) to 7 (lowest severity). * Therefore, journalctl -p 6 shows messages with priorities: * 0 (emerg) * 1 (alert) * 2 (crit) * 3 (err) * 4 (warning) * 5 (notice) * 6 (info) * This includesinfo level messages (6)and all higher priority messages. * Oracle Linux Reference: * OracleLinux 8: Managing Log Files- Section onFiltering Output with journalctl: “When you specify a single priority level, journalctl shows messages at that level and higher severity.” * Example: # journalctl -p 6 Why Other Options Are Not Correct: * Option A:journalctl -bl -p err fails if journal persistence is not configured. * Explanation: * The -b option displays messages from the current boot. This works even if journal persistence isnotconfigured because the logs from the current boot are stored in volatile memory (/run/log/journal). * Therefore, the command doesnot failif journal persistence is not configured. * Oracle Linux Reference: * OracleLinux 8: Managing Log Files- Section onJournal Volatility: “By default, the journal stores logs in volatile memory and does not persist logs across reboots unless persistent storage is configured.” * Option C:journalctl -p notice..warning shows all messages from notice to warning log level since the last boot. * Explanation: * The -p option allows specifying arangeof priorities. However, the correct order for the range should be from thehigher priority (lower number)to thelower priority (higher number). * Also, the priorities should be specified in the correct sequence, and ranges are inclusive. * Moreover, journalctl by default shows messages from all boots unless limited by the -b option. * Therefore, without -b, it does not limit messages to “since the last boot,” making the statement incorrect. * Correct Command: * To display messages fromwarning (4)tonotice (5), the command should be: # journalctl -p warning..notice -b * But even then, the priorities need to be specified correctly, and the command in Option C is incorrect. Conclusion: OptionsB,D, andEare correct because they accurately describe the behavior of the journalctl command in filtering and displaying log messages based on priority levels and sources.